Battle Against Effects of Discrimination with Belonging and Support: Mental Health Risk and Protective Factors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth School Mental Health Springer Nature Link

This guide provides a summary of the services and programs that support the mental health and well-being of gender-diverse and sexual-minority youth in Ontario. Mental health disparities among racial/ethnic minority children and youth continue to widen,2 and the fact that these disparities continue to persist highlights the need to engage in efforts alternative to traditional care. Insurance coverage, combined with improving patient education and availability of community clinics, reduces service disparities across racial/ethnic groups, including removed disparity between Latinx and non-Latinx whites, while African Americans were 10% less likely to receive care compared to non-Latinx whites.29 Expanding Medicaid eligibility in states that have opted out of ACA Medicaid expansion19 might help reduce inequities, given the large numbers of uninsured Latinx families living in such states. The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act improved coverage, access, and quality of care, and narrowed disparities between White children and Hispanic and Black children across all 3 categories.28 The Early Screening Detection and Treatment (EPSDT) benefit under Medicaid enables Medicaid-eligible children to have access to preventive, diagnostic and treatment services for physical, mental, and dental conditions.

Between group chi-square analyses were conducted to determine if there were any significant demographic or clinical differences between the mental health treatment group and out of treatment group. The survey asked questions about age, gender, living condition, household make up, socioeconomic status and mental health treatment history. Potential participants were recruited through fliers posted in high-traffic areas frequented by the target sample, street recruitment in public spaces, and community mental health providers and referrals. Adolescents were assigned to the OT group if they self-reported that they were not currently receiving mental health treatment at the time of screening. The OT participants were recruited from public areas, including parks, recreation centers, schools and community events in Philadelphia.

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This difference is only evident at age 3 for Pakistani children but seems to remain higher for Black Caribbean children from ages 3 to 14, which is of concern. Likewise, developmental patterns of externalizing problems were similar across ethnic groups (i.e., decreased from early to late childhood and then increased thereafter), but differences were observed in both mean levels of symptoms and rates of change. Research has documented an internalizing disadvantage for Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Black Caribbean children aged 7, which remained after adjusting for multiple markers of SES (Zilanawala et al., 2015). Although developmental patterns of internalizing problems were generally similar across ethnic groups (i.e., decreased from early to late childhood and then increased thereafter), differences were observed in both mean levels of symptoms and rates of change. Below is a discussion of the growth curve trajectories, which were estimated in order to determine whether there are ethnic differences when potentially confounding factors (i.e., child sex, socioeconomic status, maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal immigrant status) are accounted for.

Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups: Challenges and Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care

Having peer providers at outpatient mental health sites not only results in increased engagement in treatment but SAFE Project Latinx mental health resources also can reduce racial disparities in service use. Additionally, although Black and Latinx youth experience higher rates of depression than their non-Latinx White counterparts, they receive less mental health treatment, pointing to a need to examine the barriers that are preventing minority youth from accessing appropriate care. The findings of this study point to the importance of culturally competent and age-appropriate support and mental health treatment for racially marginalized youth.

• Community-based mental health programs are proving to be effective in reaching underserved populations.
• Proposed program responders held a leadership position and had a broad knowledge of the program including the array of services provided and the use of peer specialists.
• The model minority myth regards individuals from historically marginalized groups, particularly Asian Americans, as exclusively hardworking, intelligent, and law-abiding.
• Unaddressed mental health issues can lead to long-term consequences, including poor academic outcomes, higher dropout rates, increased involvement in the criminal justice system, and a perpetuation of the cycle of poverty.

Despite the benefit of SBHCs in expanding access, our findings show factors that may prevent students from seeking care and highlight a critical need to improve engagement and communication with youth about services. Although SBHCs increase access to mental health services,13-15 there is a need to increase student engagement in services. The students’ recommendations—making SBHCs more comfortable, raising mental health awareness, and bolstering connections with school and SBHC staff—may improve engagement in mental health services at schools with SBHCs. However, there is a need to increase student engagement in school mental health services.

And at every turn, students in minority populations experienced double- and triple-whammies. Provides a basic overview of the intersection of early childhood development (0-5), attachment and trauma in young migrant children. They will discuss policies and practices relevant to the protection and best interests of unaccompanied and separated immigrant children. Explores trauma-informed, culturally-responsive strategies for serving separated children who have migrated to the US from countries in Latin America. Discusses how practitioners can enhance their skills and raise their standard of care to refugee and immigrant caregivers and families who are adjusting to a new culture and may have experienced potentially traumatic events. Unfortunately, in most of the cases, society’s deep-rooted prejudice towards such stigmatized minority groups is a major cause of feelings of rejection, estrangement, and harassment.